The Analysis and Conservation of Hodínöhšö:ni:h Basketry at the Seneca- Iroquois National Museum

Author

• Elena L. BestFollow

Date of Award

9-2026

Access Control

Open Access

Degree Name

Art Conservation, M.A., C.A.S

Department

Art Conservation Department

Advisor

Emily Hamilton

Department Home page

https://artconservation.buffalostate.edu/

First Reader

Randee Spruce

Second Reader

Penny Minner

Third Reader

Glennis E. Rayermann

Fourth Reader

Rebecca Ploeger

Fifth Reader

Olga S. Novikova

Abstract

This master’s project documents the analysis, conservation, and collaborative stewardship of Hodínöhšö:ni:h basketry at the Seneca–Iroquois National Museum (SINM), housed within the Onöhsagwë:dé Cultural Center. The project represents a continued partnership between SINM and the Garman Art Conservation Department at SUNY Buffalo State University and addresses both immediate conservation needs and long-term collection care planning.

The multi-phased study included: (1) a condition survey of 115 mold-affected baskets (2) elemental analysis of selected pigments and materials using handheld X-ray fluorescence (XRF); (3) microbiological sampling and preliminary identification of fungal species present on select baskets; (4) the development and implementation of a mold remediation and stabilization campaign; (5) a critical review of prior basket treatments conducted by Buffalo State conservation students; and (6) completion of the conservation treatment of a structurally compromised Seneca potato-stamp basket.

Survey results identified black ash splints as the primary structural material, often combined with sweetgrass and hardwood handles. XRF analysis indicated the presence of iron-rich earth pigments, chromium-containing green and blue pigments, barium- and lead-associated compounds in select colorants, and occasional bromine peaks suggestive of historic pesticide exposure. Mold sampling yielded multiple fungal isolates, including species consistent with Cladosporium and Stachybotrys, underscoring the need for continued preventive measures.

Treatment focused on minimally interventive, re-treatable approaches aligned with both conservation best practices and community consultation. Mold remediation relied on HEPA-filtered vacuuming and strict aseptic protocols. Temporary stabilization using PTFE (Teflon) tape was implemented to reduce further mechanical damage during storage. The completed treatment of the potato-stamp basket involved humidification, passive structural fills using Japanese tissue and ash splints, sympathetic toning, and custom archival housing.

Critical review and consultation with museum staff and Seneca basket maker Penny Minner informed the development of emerging guidelines emphasizing structural integrity, culturally responsive decision-making, and material compatibility.

This thesis establishes baseline documentation for SINM’s basketry collection, advances understanding of material and biological risks, and strengthens collaborative frameworks between conservation professionals and Indigenous knowledge holders. It positions preventive conservation, shared authority, and sustained partnership as central to the long-term care of Hodínöhšö:ni:h basketry.

Recommended Citation

Best, E. L. 2026. The Analysis and Conservation of Hodínöhšö:ni:h Basketry at the Seneca- Iroquois National Museum. M.A., M.S. diss., Buffalo State University, Buffalo.